Define M code for Mazak machine , Okuma, Fanuc , Cincinnati, all control

Miscellaneous functions:-

          Miscellaneous functions, which are also referred to as M-code functions, give spindle forward /backward rotation and stop commands, coolant on/off commands and other auxiliary commands to the NC machine.

          For the NC unit, these functions must be selected using M3-digit data. Up to four sets of M3-digit data can be included in the block.

Example:-

          G00 X__ M__ M__ M___ M___ ;

          Notes:-

                   If five or more sets of M3-digit data are set, only the last four sets will become valid.

For M-codes M00, M01, M02, M30, M98, M99, M998, and M999, the next block of data is not read into input buffer since pre-reading is disabled automatically.

The M-codes can be included in any block that contains other command codes .if however, the M-codes are included in a block that contains move commands, than the execution priority will be either

The M-code functions are executed after completion of movement, or

The m-code functions are executed together with movement.

It depends on the machine specifications which type of processing is applied.

Processing and completion sequences are required in each case for all M commands except M98 and M99.

Functions of M-codes:-

          There are six types of special M-code functions

1.   

    Program Stop: M00

When this M-code is read, the tape reader will stop reading subsequent block. Whether the machine function such as spindle rotation and coolant will also stop depends on the machine specifications. The machine operation is restarted by pressing the cycle start button on the operation panel .whether resetting can be initiated by M00 or not also depends on the machine specifications.

2.   Optional Stop:M01

         

When the M01 code is read with the OPTIONAL STOP menu faction set to ON, the tape reader will stop operating to perform the same function as M00.

The M01 command will be ignored if the OPTIONAL STOP menu function is set to OFF.

Example:-

          ;

          N10 G00 X50.0 ;

          N11 M01;

          N12 G01 X25.0 Z25.0 F10.;

          ;

          ;

          If the optional stop function is on, operation stops at N11.

          If the optional stop function is off, operation does not stop at N11 and N12 is executed.

3.   Program End: M02 or M30

         

Usually, the program end command is given in the final block of marching program. Use this command mainly for reading data back to the head of the program during memory operation, or rewinding the tape in the tape operation mode (use an M30 command to rewind the tape.) The NC unit is automatically reset after tape rewinding and execution of other command codes included in that block.

Automatic resetting by this command cancels both modal commands and offsetting data, but the designated-position display counter is no cleared to zero.

The NC Unit will stop operating when the tape rewinding is completed (the automatic run mode lamp goes out). To restart the NC unit, the cycle start button must be pressed.

Beware that if, during the restart of the NC unit following completion of M02 or M30 execution ,the first movement command has been set in coordinate word only, the valid mode will be the interpolation mode existing when the program ended. It is recommended, therefore, that the first movement command be given with an appropriate G-code.

4. Subprogram Call/End: M98 / M99

                    Use M98 or M99 to branch the control into a subprogram or to recall it back to the calling program.

As M98 and M99 are internally processed by the NC M-code signals and strobe signals are not output.

Internal processing by the NC unit when M00. M01, M02 or M30 is used.

After M00, M01, M02 or M30 has been read ,data pre reading is automatically aborted .Other tape rewinding operations and the initialization of modals by resetting differ according to the machine specification .

Notes:-

M00, M01, M02, and M30 output independent signals, which will be cancelled by RESET Key.

Tape rewinding is performed only when the tape reader has a rewinding function.

         

How to make Thread Program In G32 Fanuc Machine

Thread Programming : -  (G32)

          Function and purpose:-

                   The G32 command control the federate of the tool in synchronization with the spindle rotation and so this enables both the straight and scrolled thread cutting of constant leads and the continuous thread cutting.

         

          Detailed Description:-

1.   Constant surface speed control function should not be used here.

2.   The spindle speed should be kept constant throughout from the Roughing until Finishing.

3.    When a threading command is programmed  during tool nose R compensation ,the compensation is temporarily cancelled and the threading executed.

4.  The threading command waits for the single rotation synchronization signal of the rotary encoder and start movement.

              Notes:-

The number of thread in the long axis direction is assigned as the number of thread per inch

Programming Format:-

          Straight thread:-

                   G00 X__                (  Thread cutting Diameter )

                   G32 Z__ F__          ( Thread Length  &  F= pitch )

                   G00 X__                ( X axis Position return )

          Taper thread:-

                   G00 X__

                   G32 X__ Z__ F__

                   G00 X__

Example:-

M20 x 1.5 P x 4MM Length

         

( OD THREAD )

N1 G28 U0.0 W0.0 ;         ( Home Position )

N2 G00 T0101 ;               ( Number One Tool Selection )

N3 G97 S500 M03;            ( Spindle Speed And Direction Selection )

N4 G00  X22.0 Z1.0 M08; ( safe position  & coolant on )

N5 G00 X18.50       ;        ( Thread cutting point X Axis )

N6 G32  Z-4.00 F1.5;       ( Thread cutting 4MM length )

N7 G00 X22.0;                 ( Position Return )

N8 M09 M05 ;                  ( coolant off , spindle stop )

N9 G28 U0.0 W0.0;          ( Home Position Return )

M30;                                ( Program End )

%

Fanuc Machine G-codes List

List of G-codes commonly found on Fanuc and similarly designed controls

Code	Description	Milling ( M )	Turning ( T )	Corollary info
G00	Rapid positioning	M	T	On 2- or 3-axis moves, G00 (unlike G01) does not necessarily move in a single straight line between start point and end point. It moves each axis at its max speed until its vector is achieved. Shorter vector usually finishes first (given similar axis speeds).
G01	Linear interpolation	M	T	The most common workhorse code for feeding during a cut. The program specs the start and end points, and the control automatically calculates (interpolates) the intermediate points to pass through that will yield a straight line (hence "linear"). The control then calculates the angular velocities at which to turn the axis lead screws. The computer performs thousands of calculations per second.
G02	Circular interpolation, clockwise	M	T	Cannot start G41 or G42 in G02 or G03 modes. Must already be compensated in earlier G01 block.
G03	Circular interpolation, counterclockwise	M	T	Cannot start G41 or G42 in G02 or G03 modes. Must already be compensated in earlier G01 block.
G04	Dwell	M	T	Takes an address for dwell period (may be X, U, or P)
G05 P10000	High-precision contour control (HPCC)	M		Uses a deep look-ahead buffer and simulation processing to provide better axis movement acceleration and deceleration during contour milling
G05.1 Q1.	Ai Nano contour control	M		Uses a deep look-ahead buffer and simulation processing to provide better axis movement acceleration and deceleration during contour milling
G07	Imaginary axis designation	M
G09	Exact stop check	M	T
G10	Programmable data input	M	T
G11	Data write cancel	M	T
G12	Full-circle interpolation, clockwise	M		Fixed cycle for ease of programming 360° circular interpolation with blend-radius lead-in and lead-out. Not standard on Fanuc controls.
G13	Full-circle interpolation, counterclockwise	M		Fixed cycle for ease of programming 360° circular interpolation with blend-radius lead-in and lead-out. Not standard on Fanuc controls.
G17	XY plane selection	M
G18	ZX plane selection	M	T	On most lathes, ZX is the only available plane, so no G17 toG19 codes are used.
G19	YZ plane selection	M
G20	Programming in inches	M	T	Somewhat uncommon except in USA and (to lesser extent) Canada and UK. However, in the global marketplace, competence with both G20 and G21 always stands some chance of being necessary at any time. The usual minimum increment in G20 is one ten-thousandth of an inch (0.0001"), which is a larger distance than the usual minimum increment in G21 (one thousandth of a millimeter, .001 mm, that is, one micrometer). This physical difference sometimes favors G21 programming.
G21	Programming in millimeters (mm)	M	T	Prevalent worldwide. However, in the global marketplace, competence with both G20 and G21 always stands some chance of being necessary at any time.
G28	Return to home position (machine zero, aka machine reference point)	M	T	Takes X Y Z addresses which define the intermediate point that the tool tip will pass through on its way home to machine zero. They are in terms of part zero (aka program zero), NOT machine zero.
G30	Return to secondary home position (machine zero, aka machine reference point)	M	T	Takes a P address specifying which machine zero point is desired, if the machine has several secondary points (P1 to P4). Takes X Y Z addresses which define the intermediate point that the tool tip will pass through on its way home to machine zero. They are in terms of part zero (aka program zero), NOT machine zero.
G31	Skip function (used for probes and tool length measurement systems)	M
G32	Single-point threading, longhand style (if not using a cycle, e.g., G76)		T	Similar to G01 linear interpolation, except with automatic spindle synchronization for single-point threading.
G33	Constant-pitch threading	M
G33	Single-point threading, longhand style (if not using a cycle, e.g., G76)		T	Some lathe controls assign this mode to G33 rather than G32.
G34	Variable-pitch threading	M
G40	Tool radius compensation off	M	T	Kills G41 or G42.
G41	Tool radius compensation left	M	T	Milling: Given right hand-helix cutter and M03 spindle direction, G41 corresponds to climb milling (down milling). Takes an address (D or H) that calls an offset register value for radius. Turning: Often needs no D or H address on lathes, because whatever tool is active automatically calls its geometry offsets with it. (Each turret station is bound to its geometry offset register.)
G42	Tool radius compensation right	M	T	Similar corollary info as for G41. Given right hand-helix cutter and M03 spindle direction, G42 corresponds to conventional milling (up milling).
G43	Tool height offset compensation negative	M		Takes an address, usually H, to call the tool length offset register value. The value is negative because it will be added to the gauge line position. G43 is the commonly used version (vs G44).
G44	Tool height offset compensation positive	M		Takes an address, usually H, to call the tool length offset register value. The value is positive because it will be subtracted from the gauge line position. G44 is the seldom-used version (vs G43).
G45	Axis offset single increase	M
G46	Axis offset single decrease	M
G47	Axis offset double increase	M
G48	Axis offset double decrease	M
G49	Tool length offset compensation cancel	M		Kills G43 or G44.
G50	Define the maximum spindle speed		T	Takes an S address integer which is interpreted as rpm. Without this feature,G96 mode (CSS) would rev the spindle to "wide open throttle" when closely approaching the axis of rotation.
G50	Scaling function cancel	M
G50	Position register (programming of vector from part zero to tool tip)		T	Position register is one of the original methods to relate the part (program) coordinate system to the tool position, which indirectly relates it to the machine coordinate system, the only position the control really "knows". Not commonly programmed anymore because G54 to G59 (WCSs) are a better, newer method. Called via G50 for turning, G92 for milling. Those G addresses also have alternate meanings (which see). Position register can still be useful for datum shift programming.
G52	Local coordinate system (LCS)	M		Temporarily shifts program zero to a new location. This simplifies programming in some cases.
G53	Machine coordinate system	M	T	Takes absolute coordinates (X,Y,Z,A,B,C) with reference to machine zero rather than program zero. Can be helpful for tool changes. Non modal and absolute only. Subsequent blocks are interpreted as "back to G54" even if it is not explicitly programmed.
G54 to G59	Work coordinate systems (WCSs)	M	T	Have largely replaced position register (G50 and G92). Each tuple of axis offsets relates program zero directly to machine zero. Standard is 6 tuples (G54 to G59), with optional extensibility to 48 more via G54.1 P1 to P48.
G54.1 P1 to P48	Extended work coordinate systems	M	T	Up to 48 more WCSs besides the 6 provided as standard by G54 to G59. Note floating-point extension of G-code data type (formerly all integers). Other examples have also evolved (e.g., G84.2). Modern controls have the hardware to handle it.
G70	Fixed cycle, multiple repetitive cycle, for finishing (including contours)		T
G71	Fixed cycle, multiple repetitive cycle, for roughing (Z-axis emphasis)		T
G72	Fixed cycle, multiple repetitive cycle, for roughing (X-axis emphasis)		T
G73	Fixed cycle, multiple repetitive cycle, for roughing, with pattern repetition		T
G73	Peck drilling cycle for milling - high-speed (NO full retraction from pecks)	M		Retracts only as far as a clearance increment (system parameter). For when chipbreaking is the main concern, but chip clogging of flutes is not.
G74	Peck drilling cycle for turning		T
G74	Tapping cycle for milling, left hand thread , M04 spindle direction	M
G75	Peck grooving cycle for turning		T
G76	Fine boring cycle for milling	M
G76	Threading cycle for turning, multiple repetitive cycle		T
G80	Cancel canned cycle	M	T	Milling: Kills all cycles such as G73, G83, G88, etc. Z-axis returns either to Z-initial level or R-level, as programmed (G98 or G99, respectively). Turning: Usually not needed on lathes, because a new group-1 G address (G00 to G03) cancels whatever cycle was active.
G81	Simple drilling cycle	M		No dwell built in
G82	Drilling cycle with dwell	M		Dwells at hole bottom (Z-depth) for the number of milliseconds specified by the P address. Good for when hole bottom finish matters.
G83	Peck drilling cycle (full retraction from pecks)	M		Returns to R-level after each peck. Good for clearing flutes of chips..
G84	Tapping cycle, right hand thread,M03 spindle direction	M
G84.2	Tapping cycle, right hand thread, M03 spindle direction, rigid tool holder	M
G90	Absolute programming	M	T (B)	Positioning defined with reference to part zero. Milling: Always as above. Turning: Sometimes as above (Fanuc group type B and similarly designed), but on most lathes (Fanuc group type A and similarly designed), G90/G91 are not used for absolute/incremental modes. Instead, U and W are the incremental addresses and X and Z are the absolute addresses. On these lathes, G90 is instead a fixed cycle address for roughing.
G90	Fixed cycle, simple cycle, for roughing (Z-axis emphasis)		T (A)	When not serving for absolute programming (above)
G91	Incremental programming	M	T (B)	Positioning defined with reference to previous position. Milling: Always as above. Turning: Sometimes as above (Fanuc group type B and similarly designed), but on most lathes (Fanuc group type A and similarly designed), G90/G91 are not used for absolute/incremental modes. Instead, U and W are the incremental addresses and X and Z are the absolute addresses. On these lathes, G90 is a fixed cycle address for roughing.
G92	Position register (programming of vector from part zero to tool tip)	M	T (B)	Same corollary info as at G50 position register. Milling: Always as above. Turning: Sometimes as above (Fanuc group type B and similarly designed), but on most lathes (Fanuc group type A and similarly designed), position register is G50.
G92	Threading cycle, simple cycle		T (A)
G94	Feedrate per minute	M	T (B)	On group type A lathes, feedrate per minute is G98.
G94	Fixed cycle, simple cycle, for roughing (X-axis emphasis)		T (A)	When not serving for feedrate per minute (above)
G95	Feedrate per revolution	M	T (B)	On group type A lathes, feedrate per revolution is G99.
G96	Constant surface speed (CSS)		T	Varies spindle speed automatically to achieve a constant surface speed. See speeds and feeds. Takes an S address integer, which is interpreted as sfm in G20 mode or as m/min in G21 mode.
G97	Constant spindle speed	M	T	Takes an S address integer, which is interpreted as rev/min (rpm). The default speed mode per system parameter if no mode is programmed.
G98	Return to initial Z level in canned cycle	M
G98	Feedrate per minute (group type A)		T (A)	Feedrate per minute is G94 on group type B.
G99	Return to R level in canned cycle	M
G99	Feedrate per revolution (group type A)		T (A)	Feedrate per revolution is G95 on group type B.